The originator of the theory of psychological reactance was Jack Brehm in the year 1966. This results in a ‘contrast’ effect, as well as improves their real and actual behavior. In case the position of the recipient is far away from the position of the communicator.In case the own group of the recipients experiences feelings of social punishment or guilt due to the absence of conformity to the group.In case the knowledge of the recipients about the norms or rules gets accumulated by the communication.This makes the recipients believe that the communicators are looking for a different position to convince them in place of the actual intention of the communicators. In case the enforcement is not clear enough or seems weak.In case emotional arousal that is unabated or at times aggression is induced by the enforcement or persuasion.In case any negative source gets paired or coupled with arguments that appear to be weak.In addition, they also provided certain conditions under which the effect seems more obvious to happen. In the year 1953, Hovland, Janis, and Kelly recognized and titled this Boomerang Effect. Hence, because of the boomerang effect, the outcome of the persuasion not only goes against what was intended but might also exacerbate the person to come up with a contradictory stance. The boomerang effect occurs in different contexts of psychological science, political behavior, and other social experiments or phenomenon when the use of a persuasive message for an attempted attitude change is considered as an impediment to a person’s freedom. This article complicates the Boomerang Pattern in order to more accurately describe transnational human rights activism by drawing on examples from the Nicaraguan and Salvadoran human rights movements of the 1980s.Definition: The boomerang effect is defined as an attitude shift that is opposite to what was intended and it is related to the “theory of psychological reactance”, which states the fact that when the freedom of a person is restricted in some way or the other, most of the time, it generates an “anticonformity boomerang effect”, as people act for protecting their own sense of freedom. However, the Boomerang Pattern primarily describes how activism is designed to work, rather than present the complications and difficulties that NGOs encounter in their international campaigns. A document from the archival collection of Amnesty International USA, created in the 1980s but only available to the public since 2007, verifies the accuracy of the Boomerang Pattern in describing transnational human rights activism. Termed the Boomerang Pattern, the model demonstrates how NGOs of the (predominantly) Third World work with international NGOs to address human rights violations in their own countries. Keck and Kathryn Sikkink published Activists Beyond Borders in 1998, they offered the emergent field of human rights history the first clear model of the relatively new phenomenon of international human rights activism.
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